Latium, ii, n. 2. latus; Sanscr. root prath-, to spread or widen; cf. Lat. later, etc.; prop., the plains or flat-land; by the ancients referred to latēre, because here Saturnus lay concealed from his son, Ov. F. 1, 238; Verg. A. 8, 322; Arn. 4, 143; Lact. 1, 13; or to Latinus, the name of the mythical king, Varr. L. L. 5, § 32 Mull., a country of Italy, in which Rome was situated, now Campagna di Roma, and a part of the Terra di Lavoro, Plin. 3, 5, 9, § 54; Enn. ap. Acro. ad Hor. S. 1, 2, 37 (Ann. v. 455); Cic. Rep. 2, 24, 44; Liv. 6, 21; 8, 13; Hor. C. 1, 12, 53; 1, 35, 10; id. C. S. 66; Mel. 3, 4, 2; consisting of two parts: Latium vetus, Tac. A. 4, 5; or antiquum, Verg. A. 7, 38; Plin. 3, 5, 9, § 56; which was the original territory governed by Rome before the subjugation of the Aequi and Volsci, and: Latium novum, or adjectum, originally the territory of the Aequi, Volsci, Hernici, and Aurunci, Plin. 3, 5, 9, § 59.

— Jus Latii, the political rights and privileges which belonged originally to the Latins, but were afterwards granted by the Romans to other people; this jus comprehended less than civitas Romana, but more than peregrinitas (cf. latinitas and Latini): eodem anno Caesar nationes Alpium maritimarum in jus Latii transtulit, Tac. A. 15, 32.

—Also called Latium alone: aut majus est Latium aut minus; majus est Latium, cum et hi, qui decuriones leguntur, et ei qui honorem aliquem aut magistratum gerunt, civitatem Romanam consecuntur; minus Latium est, cum hi tantum, qui vel magistratum vel honorem gerunt, ad civitatem Romanam perveniunt, Gai. Inst. 1, 96; cf.: Latium externis dilargiri, Tac. H. 3, 55: Latio dato, Plin. 5, 2, 1, § 20: Latio donata oppida, id. 3, 1, 3, § 7.

— Hence, Lati-us, a, um, adj., of or belonging to Latium, Latian, Latin (poet. and in post-Aug. prose): agri, the Latin territory, Ov. F. 2, 553; 3, 606; 5, 91: gens, id. ib. 4, 42; id. M. 14, 832: lingua, id. P. 2, 3, 75: palmes, vines growing in Latium, id. F. 4, 894: boves, Col. 6, 1, 2.

—Poet., for Roman: turba, the Roman people, Ov. F. 1, 639: parentes, id. ib. 3, 243; cf. matres, id. ib. 4, 133: annus, the Roman year, id. ib. 1, 1: vulnera, of Roman soldiers, id. A. A. 1, 414.

— Latīnus, a, um, adj., of or belonging to Latium, Latin. Adj.: populi, the Latins, Enn. ap. Varr. L. L. 7, § 28 Mull. (Ann. v. 24 Vahl.); cf. genus, the Latins, Romans, Verg. A. 1, 6: lingua, the Latin language, Varr. L. L. 5, § 1 Mull.; cf. opp. Graeca, Cic. Fin. 1, 3, 10: poetae, opp. Graeci, id. Ac. 1, 3, 10: via, beginning at the Porta Latina, near the Porta Capena, id. Clu. 59, 163; Liv. 2, 39; 10, 36 al.: dies, the days of the Roman calendar, the Roman year, Ov. F. 3, 177: feriae, the festival of the allied Latins, which was celebrated especially by offerings to Juppiter Latiaris on Mons Albanus, Varr. L. L. 6, § 25 Mull.; Cic. N. D. 1, 6, 15; Liv. 21, 63; 22, 1; more freq. absol.; v. in the foll. 2.: coloniae, which possessed the jus Latii, Cic. Caecin. 33 fin.; Suet. Caes. 8: nomen, Latin citizenship, also called jus Latii and Latinitas, Cic. Rep. 1, 19, 31; 3, 29, 41; Sall. J. 39, 2 (v. socius): casus, i. e. the ablative, Varr. ap. Diom. p. 277 P.: tragici veteres, Quint. 1, 8, 8: esse illud Latinum (verbum), Suet. Gram. 22.

—Comp.: nihil Latinius legi, M. Aur. ap. Front. Ep. 2, 6 Mai.; cf.: nihil Latinius tuis voluminibus, Hier. Ep. 58, 9.

—Sup.: homo Latinissimus, Hier. Ep. 50, 2.

—Adv.: Latīnē, in Latin: Graece haec vocatur emporos: eadem Latine mercator, Plaut. Merc. 1, 1, 5; id. Cas. prol. 34: Cumanis petentibus, ut publice Latine loquerentur, et praeconibus Latine vendendi jus esset, in the Latin tongue, Liv. 40, 42 fin.: scire, to understand Latin, Cic. Caecin. 19, 55: num Latine scit? id. Phil. 5, 5, 13: non enim tam praeclarum est scire Latine, quam turpe nescire, id. Brut. 37, 140: nescire, Juv. 6, 188: reddere, to translate into Latin, Cic. de Or, 1, 34, 153; cf. docere, Plin. Ep. 7, 4, 9.

—In partic.: Latine loqui, to speak with propriety or elegance: Latine et diligenter loqui, Cic. Brut. 45, 166; cf.: ut pure et emendate loquentes, quod est Latine, id. Opt. Gen. Or. 2, 4: pure et Latine loqui, id. de Or. 1, 32, 144.

—Sometimes, also, like our to talk plain English, for, to speak out, to speak plainly or openly (syn. Romano more loqui): (gladiator), ut appellant ii, qui plane et Latine loquuntur, Cic. Phil. 7, 6, 17: Latine me scitote, non accusatorie loqui, Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 1, § 2: poscere, Juv. 11, 148: formare, to compose in Latin, Suet. Aug. 89: componere, id. Gram. init.

—Comp.: Latinius, in better Latin (late Lat.), Front. Ep. ad M. Caes. 3, 6; Hier. in Isa. 8, 10.

— Subst. Latīni, ōrum, m. The inhabitants of Latium, Latins, Liv. 1, 2 sq.; 1, 32 sq.; 2, 19 sq.; Cic. Off. 1, 12, 38; 3, 31, 112; Verg. A. 7, 367; Juv. 6, 44.

— Those who possessed the Latin rights of citizenship (jus Latii, Latinitas); freq. in the connection, socii et Latini, Cic. Balb. 8, 21; id. Sest. 13, 30; id. Lael. 3, 12 (v. socius).

— Latini Juniani, freedmen whose liberty was secured by the operation of the lex Junia Norbana (772 A. U. C.), Gai. Inst. 3, § 56.

— Latīnae, ārum, f. (sc. feriae), the festival of the allied Latins, the Latin holidays, Liv. 5, 17; 19; Cic. Att. 1, 3; id. Q. Fr. 2, 4, 2 fin.; id. poet. Div. 1, 11, 18.

— Latīnum, i, n., Latin, the Latin language: licet in Latinum illa convertere, Cic. Tusc. 3, 14, 29: in Latinum vertore, Quint. 1, 5, 2.

— Latī-niensis, e, adj., Latin: populi, Plin. 3, 5, 9, § 69: ager, Auct. Harusp. Resp. 10, 20.

— In plur absol.: Latīnienses, ium, m., the Latins, Auct. Harusp. Resp. 28, 62.

— Latiālis, and euphon. collat. form La-tiāris, e (also Latiar, v. infra), adj., of or belonging to Latium, Latin. Form Latialis: populus, the Latins, Romans, Ov. M. 15, 481: sermo, Plin. 3, 1, 3, § 7: Juppiter, Luc. 1, 198; hence, also, caput, a statue of Jupiter, id. 1, 535.

—Latiāliter, adv., in the Latin manner (post - class.): peplo circa umeros involuto Latialiter tegebatur, Mart. Cap. 5 init.: nihil effari, id. 6, § 587: te Latialiter sonantem, Sid. Carm. 23, 235 (al. Latiariter).

— Form Latiaris: Latiaris sancte Juppiter (Juppiter Latiaris was the guardian deity of the Latin confederacy, to whom the feriae Latinae were consecrated), Cic. Mil. 31, 85: Juppiter, Plin. 34, 7, 18, § 43 Sillig. N. cr.: collis, Varr. L. L. 5, § 52 Mull.: doctrina Latiaris, Macr. S. 1, 2.

—Adv.: Latiāriter, v. in the preced. 1.

— Hence, subst.: Latiar, āris, n., the festival of Jupiter Latiaris: confectum erat Latiar, Cic. Q. Fr. 2, 4, 2; cf. Macr. S. 1, 16, 16.