cīvīlis, e, adj. civis. Of or pertaining to citizens, civil, civic (class. in prose and poetry, and very freq.): sanguine civili rem conflant, by the blood of citizens, * Lucr. 3, 70; Cic. Fam. 15, 15, 1: conjuratio, id. ib. 5, 12, 2: bellum, id. Att. 7, 13, 1; id. Imp. Pomp. 10, 28: bella, Hor. Epod. 16, 1; Luc. 1, 1: genus belli, Cic. Att. 7, 13, 1; Sall. C. 47, 2; Quint. 12, 1, 16; Flor. 3, 22, 10; 3, 23, 7: facinus, Cic. Att. 7, 13, 1.

—So De Bello Civili, the title of a portion of the Commentaries of Julius Caesar, Flor. 4, 2, 4: discordia, Sall. C. 5, 2: dissensio, id. J. 41 fin.: discidii specie, Tac. A. 14, 60: irae, id. ib. 1, 43: acies, Ov. M. 7, 142: arma, civil war, Cic. Div. 2, 2, 6; Tac. A. 1, 9: aestus, Hor. Ep. 2, 2, 47: Mars, Ov. H. 6, 35: busta, Prop. 2, 1, 27: victoria, Nep. Epam. 10, 3; Sall. J. 95, 4; Tac. H. 4, 38 fin.: praeda, id. ib. 3, 15 et saep.: mos consuetudoque, Cic. Off. 1, 41,148; cf.just before: instituta civilia: conciliatio et societas, id. N. D. 2, 31, 78: facinus, id. Att. 7, 13, 1: clamor, Liv. 3, 28, 4; cf. robur, id. 28, 44, 5: curae, Hor. C. 3, 8, 17: quercus = corona civica (v. civicus, I.), Verg. A. 6, 772: civilis dies, the civil day (from midnight to midnight; opp. to the naturalis dies, from the rising to the setting of the sun), Varr. R. R. 1, 28, 1; Plin. 2, 77, 79, § 188; Macr. S. 1, 3: amor (opp. to naturalis), between citizens, Gell. 12, 1, 23.

— Esp.: jus civile. In gen., private rights, the law, as it protects citizens in their status, property, etc.: jus civile est aequitas constituta iis, qui ejusdem civitatis sunt, ad res suas obtinendas, Cic. Top. 2, 9: sit ergo in jure civili finis hic: legitimae atque usitatae in rebus causisque civium aequabilitatis conservatio, id. de Or. 1, 42, 188: qui jus civile contemnendum putat, is vincula revellit judiciorum, etc., id. Caecin. 25, 70; id. Off. 3, 17, 69; id. Balb. 11, 28; Gai Inst. 1, 1; Just. Inst. 1, 2, 1 sq.; opp. jus naturale: quodam tempore homines nondum neque naturali neque civili jure descripto fusi, etc., Cic. Sest. 42, 91.

— The body of Roman law relating to private rights, the Civil Law: ut si quis dicat jus civile id esse, quod in legibus, senatūs consultis, rebus judicatis, juris peritorum auctoritate, edictis magistratuum, more, aequitate consistat, Cic. Top. 5, 28: hoc civile (jus) quod dicimus (opp. causa universi juris ac legum), id. Leg. 1, 5, 17: de jure civili si quis novi quid instituit, Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 42, § 109; opp. jus nationum, id. Div in Caecil. 5, 18; opp. jus praetorium, the precedents of decisions by the praetor: nam quod agas mecum ex jure civili ac praetorio non habes, id. Caecin. 12, 34; 2, 4; cf. Dig. 1, 1, 7 pr. and § 1.

— In narrower sense, the code of procedure, the forms of process in the Roman law: civile jus, repositum in penetralibus pontificum, evulgavit (Licinius), Liv. 9, 46, 5 Weissenb. ad loc.: jus civile per multa saecula inter sacra caerimoniasque deorum abditum, Cn. Flavius vulgavit, Val. Max. 2, 5, 2; cf. Dig. 1, 2, 2, § 5 sqq.; plur.: inteream si... novi civilia jura, Hor. S. 1, 9, 39.

— Relating to public or political life, political, public, state-: scientia, politics, political science, Cic. Inv. 1, 5, 6; Quint. 2, 15, 33: quaestiones, id. 2, 15, 36: officia, id. 2, 15, 36, and 2, 4, 27: civilium rerum peritus, Tac. H. 2, 5: mersor civilibus undis, Hor. Ep. 1, 1, 16: vir, a statesman, πολιτικος, Quint. prooem. § 10; 11, 10, 15; 12, 2, 7; 12, 2, 21; 11, 1, 35.

— Esp. civil, opp. military (first in Livy): is gravis annis non militaribus solum sed civilibus quoque abscesserat muneribus, Liv. 9, 3, 5; cf.: civilis res haud magnopere obeuntem bella excitabant, id. 6, 22, 7.

— Trop. (cf. popularis, and the Gr. κοινός), demeaning one's self as a citizen; hence of distinguished persons, courteous, polite, civil, affable, urbane (so not before the Aug. per.; esp. freq. in Suet.; in Quint. only once): quid enim civilius illo? Ov. Tr. 4, 4, 13: sermo, Liv. 6, 40, 15: animus, id. 45, 32, 5; Tac. A. 1, 72; Suet. Caes. 75; id. Claud. 1; id. Dom. 12; cf. id. Calig. 3; id. Vesp. 12: parumque id non civile modo sed humanum etiam visum, unbecoming a private citizen, Liv. 5, 23, 5: et humano ingressu, Quint. 3, 8, 59 Spald.: incessu, Plin. Pan. 83, 7: civile ingenium, mira comitas, Tac. A. 1, 33; cf. id. ib. 2, 82: arma, id. H. 4, 3: civile rebatur, misceri voluptatibus vulgi, id. A. 1, 54; cf. id. ib. 2, 34; 3, 22; Plin. Pan. 78, 4; 87, 1: civilis circa amicos, Eutr. 7, 13: in cunctos, id. 10, 16.

—Sup., Eutr. 8, 1; Spart. Had. 20, 1.

—As subst.: cīvīle, is, n., courtesy: si quicquam in vobis non dico civilis sed humani esset, Liv. 5, 3, 9.

—Hence, adv.: cīvīliter. (Acc. to I.) Citizen-like: vivere, Cic. ap. Lact. 3, 14: certare, Cael. ap. Cic. Fam. 8, 14, 3; Liv. 38, 56, 9; 33, 46, 3; Juv. 5, 112; Gell. praef. § 13.

— In judicial language, civilly (opp. criminally): agere, Dig. 47, 2, 92; 11, 6, 1; 47, 10, 37.

— (Acc. to 2.) As becomes a citizen, courteously, kindly, Ov. M. 12, 583; id. Tr. 3, 8, 41; Tac. A. 3, 76; 4, 21; id. H. 2, 91.

—Comp.: civilius, Plin. Pan. 29, 2; App. M. 9, p. 236, 10.

—Sup.: civilissime, Eutr. 7, 8.