per praep. with acc. 1 PAR-. I. In space, through, across, through the midst of, from side to side of, traversing: itinera duo, unum per Sequanos . . . alterum per provinciam, Cs.: qui per agros fluit: it hasta per tempus utrumque, V.: per medios hostīs evasit, L.

—Through, over, throughout, all over, along, among: per totam Italiam, S.: per omnīs partīs provinciae: per viam, along, L.: aegro per manūs tractus servatur, from hand to hand, Cs.: invitati hospita{*}iter per domos, from house to house, L.: passim per herbam Corpora fusa, V.: imperium per omnīs in orbem ibat, went around, L.: per alia atque alia pavida consilia trepidans, from one place to another, L.: Transtra per et remos, V.

—With ora, oculos or aurīs, before, to: incedunt per ora vestrum, S.: traducti per hostium oculos, L.: vestras per aurīs ire, V.

—II. In time, through, during, for, throughout, in the course of: per hosce annos: per triennium: per eos forte dies, L.

—At, at the time of, during: per idem tempus: per meridiem, at noon, L.: per ludos, L.: per lunam, V.: per infrequentiam comitia perficiunt, L.: per tempus, at the right time, T.

—III. Of agency, through, by, by the hands of, by the agency of: quae comperta sunt per me: per homines explorare, S.: per procuratores agere: quo minus cum eis amicitia esset, per populum R. stetisse, L.: occidebantur? per quos? et a quibus? by whose hands, and at whose instance?

—With pronn. reflex., in person, alone, of oneself: milites qui per se de conciliandā pace egerint, Cs.: homo per se cognitus, by his own merit: per me tibi obstiti, single-handed: per se solus, L.

—Restrictive, by, for, as far as regards: per me vel stertas licet, I don't care if: per me isti pedibus trahantur: si per suos esset licitum, N.

—IV. Of means or manner, through, by, by means of: id a te per litteras petere: vates per avīs consulti, L.: per litteras certior fit, S.

—Through, by, under pretence of, by the pretext of: nos per fidem fallere: per causam exercendorum remigum prodire, Cs.: per Caecilium Sulla accusatur, in the name of: per speciem alienae fungendae vicis suas opes firmavit, L.

— Through, by, for the sake of, on account of, with a view to: cum per aetatem nondum auderem, etc.

—Esp., in oaths and adjurations: si per plurīs deos iuret, by: per tuam fidem Te obtestor, T.: per ego te deos oro, T.

—Poet. in ellipsis: per, si qua est . . . Intemerata fides, oro, V.

—Of manner, in adverb. phrases, by, through, with, at, in: per vim, violently, T.: per ludum et iocum, in sport: per summum dedecus, most infamously: per iram, angrily: per commodum rei p., without injury, L.: per otium, at leisure, L.: per commodum, leisurely, L.: per ignaviam et superbiam aetatem agere, in inglorious pride, S.: per turpitudinem, basely, S.: per virtutem emori, bravely, S.: Per facinus, wickedly, O.: haud per ambages portendere, not obscurely, L.: per tumultum, in disorder, L.